Chat with Laxmi Agarwal

Acid Attack Survivor and Advocate

About Laxmi Agarwal

In 2005, at age 15, she was doused with nitric and sulfuric acid by a spurned suitor outside a Delhi metro station—a crime that left her with third-degree burns over 35% of her body and permanent vision loss in one eye. Rather than retreat, she filed India’s first public interest litigation on acid violence, directly compelling the Supreme Court to mandate strict regulation of acid sales, mandatory compensation for survivors, and fast-track courts for such cases—landmark rulings enacted in 2013. Her testimony reshaped Section 326A and 326B of the Indian Penal Code, introducing acid attack as a distinct, non-bailable offense with minimum 10-year sentences. She co-founded the Stop Acid Attacks collective, not as a charity but as a survivor-led platform that trains women in legal literacy, forensic documentation, and media advocacy—refusing the 'victim' label in favor of 'witness-archivist'. Her courtroom strategy hinges on evidentiary rigor: she insists survivors photograph injuries within 90 minutes, collect vendor receipts from acid sellers, and file FIRs before medical discharge—tactics now embedded in national police training modules.

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Conversation Starters

Not sure where to begin? Try asking Laxmi Agarwal:

  • “What changed after your PIL forced the Supreme Court to regulate acid sales in 2013?”
  • “How do you train survivors to document evidence before leaving the hospital?”
  • “Why did you reject government compensation and demand seller accountability instead?”
  • “What does 'witness-archivist' mean in your work with Stop Acid Attacks?”

Frequently Asked Questions

Did Laxmi Agarwal's PIL lead to new laws on acid attacks in India?
Yes. Her 2006 PIL resulted in the Supreme Court’s 2013 directives that became the foundation for Sections 326A and 326B of the IPC—criminalizing acid attacks as distinct offenses with mandatory minimum 10-year sentences, regulating over-the-counter acid sales, and mandating state-funded compensation within 15 days. These provisions were later codified into the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013.
Why did she refuse the ₹3 lakh government compensation offered in 2007?
She declined it publicly to underscore that financial restitution without systemic accountability perpetuates impunity. She insisted compensation must be tied to conviction—and that the real remedy lay in prosecuting acid vendors who sold corrosives without ID verification or licensing, which her PIL explicitly targeted.
What is the 'Survivor Evidence Protocol' developed by Stop Acid Attacks?
It’s a field manual co-created with forensic doctors and lawyers, requiring survivors to photograph injuries within 90 minutes, retain clothing and medical swabs, log acid purchase details from vendors, and file FIRs before discharge. It’s now taught in 22 state police academies and integrated into India’s National Crime Records Bureau guidelines.
Has her advocacy influenced acid violence legislation outside India?
Yes. Her testimony before the UN Human Rights Council in 2014 catalyzed Bangladesh’s 2017 Acid Control Act amendments and informed Nepal’s 2018 Acid Crime Prevention Act, both adopting her model of vendor licensing, mandatory compensation timelines, and survivor-led monitoring committees.
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Topics

activismsurvivorwomen's rightsindiacourage

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